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An occlusal guard, also referred to as an occlusal splint or a night guard, is a removable appliance that is worn over the teeth at night to protect them from damage done by clenching and grinding. In some cases, the occlusal guard may be recommended for use during the day as well. These guards are generally prescribed by a dentist when damage to the teeth is detected and bruxism, or nighttime clenching and grinding, is suspected. If left unchecked, this activity can lead to more severe problems, such as TMJ, severe headaches and significant damage to the teeth and gums.
The occlusal guard is custom made to fit snugly over the patient's teeth. The appliance is made of clear acrylic resin with shallow borders. In most cases, patients only wear the guard on their top teeth. However, extreme cases of bruxism may result in a need to wear occlusal guards on both the top and bottom.
Occlusal guards are not completed in a single trip to the dentist's office. The first visit allows the dentist to make an impression of the patient's teeth so that the guard can be customized to the patient's specific bite. The impression is often sent to a dental lab where the resin guard is constructed. Once the occlusal guard is shipped back to the dentist's office, the patient is brought back in for a fitting and necessary adjustment. The patient will be instructed on the proper way to wear and care for the appliance.
Occlusal guards take a bit of getting used to. A patient may feel a bit of mild discomfort during the first few days of wearing. There is often an urge to bite down or "chew" on the splint that will gradually subside as the patient becomes accustomed to wearing the appliance. Patients often see an improvement in clenching and grinding symptoms within the first month of wearing the occlusal guard.
An occlusal guard that is properly cared for can last up to 10 years or more. Guards can be cleaned daily using a regular toothbrush and toothpaste and cool water. If the occlusal guard becomes stained, it can be soaked in denture solution or a diluted vinegar solution. When the splint is not being worn, it should be kept safely in its case with a moist tissue. Occlusal guards require periodic adjustments to ensure they continue to fit well.
